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VOL. 1, ISSUE 1 (2025)
Solving a clinical dilemma: How cytology unmasked a benign breast mass
Authors
K Geetha Mala
Abstract
This case report details a challenging clinical
scenario where a benign breast mass presented with clinical and radiological
features highly suggestive of malignancy, a phenomenon known as
"masquerading breast carcinoma." A 35-year-old female presented with
a rapidly growing, firm, and irregular breast lump, accompanied by skin changes
and axillary lymphadenopathy. Initial mammography and ultrasound studies were
interpreted as suspicious for malignancy, leading to a significant clinical
dilemma regarding the optimal diagnostic and therapeutic approach. Despite the
strong suspicion of carcinoma, a fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was
performed as a first-line diagnostic tool. Cytological examination revealed a
mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate, including lymphocytes, plasma cells, and
epithelioid cells, along with multinucleated giant cells and histiocytes,
consistent with a diagnosis of Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis (IGM) rather
than malignancy. This definitive cytological diagnosis averted an unnecessary
and life-altering mastectomy, as IGM is a benign, self-limiting condition that
is typically managed conservatively with steroids. This case underscores the
critical role and diagnostic power of cytology in resolving complex clinical
puzzles, preventing misdiagnosis, and ensuring appropriate patient management.
It highlights the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion for
benign entities that can mimic malignancy and reinforces cytology as a
valuable, cost-effective, and minimally invasive diagnostic tool in breast
pathology.
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Pages:1-4
How to cite this article:
K Geetha Mala "Solving a clinical dilemma: How cytology unmasked a benign breast mass". World Journal of Medical Sciences, Vol 1, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 1-4
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